Long-Term Trends in Road Traffic Noise Exposure and Annoyance in a Model Region

Abstract

Environmental noise, particularly road traffic noise, has been considered one of the most widespread environmental pollutants. The primary aim of this study was a 30-year longitudinal investigation of road traffic noise annoyance trends in a model region - Bratislava’s continuously monitored neighborhoods, with data collected at 10-year intervals. Using validated methods to assess noise annoyance and psychosocial well-being, along with direct sound level measurements, the study analyzed responses from 3,197 university students residing in exposed and control areas. Results showed a significant rise in traffic noise burden in exposed areas from 1989 to 1999 (L_Aeq=67.5 dB), a slight decrease by 2019 (L_Aeq=63.9 dB), and further reduction during lockdowns (L_Aeq=62.5 dB). At the control site, noise levels significantly decreased from L_Aeq = 50.2 dB in 2019 to L_Aeq = 46 dB in 2020. Road traffic noise annoyance initially rose sharply, with OR_MH values increasing from 2.56 to 6.01 over the first 10-year interval, gradually declining to OR_MH 3.26 by 2023. Despite this trend, road traffic noise annoyance remains a concern, highlighting the need for preventive measures and healthier urban transport solutions.