EVOLUTION OF THE HEALTH DISORDERS RISK IN THE POPULATION UNDER DEVELOPMENT OF URBANIZED TERRITORIES

Abstract

In the present study, an approach has been tested for assessing and mapping the risk levels caused by the impact of the
noise factor in urban development on the example of urbanized areas of a large city. The approach is based on an acoustic modeling algorithm associated with work in geographic information systems (hereinafter referred to as GIS) for the tasks of hygienic regulation and health risk assessment of the population living in dense urban areas. The paper describes the identification and integration of a set of initial data on the noise factor of exposure with the subsequent construction of a computational model. The results obtained are supplemented with methodological approaches to assess the health risk of the population from the impact of traffic noise in accordance with the approved methodological recommendations for the impact of this factor. 

Risk levels are calculated without changes in the urban planning situation in the study area with the duration of residence of the exposed population of 20, 30, 40 years. In addition, predictive calculations of changes in risk levels for a period of 20, 30, 40 years in the context of a construction project were performed. Risk calculations were carried out at 49210 calculated points located in 38 planes, including at a height of 1.5 m at the level of human breathing in the area of residential buildings, corresponding to each computational grid, to build a volumetric (3D) model. The volumetric model is built to assess the living conditions of the exposed population, depending on the floor of residence. A moderate risk before the implementation of a construction project is formed up to a maximum of 13, 21, 23 meters in living conditions for 20, 30, 40 years, respectively, while after the implementation of the project, a moderate risk reaches a maximum height of 21, 39, 51 meters in conditions of a similar exposure duration (20, 30, 40 years old). A high risk in both cases is observed at a height of 1.5 - 3 meters above ground level only during 40 years of living in the area of this exposure, which is due to the previously close located highways. Thus, under dense urban development, it is optimal to live on the middle floors (7-8 floors) and above, in conditions of chronic exposure to the noise factor.